怀仁一中高一英语必修一学案Grammar
主备人：王丽明 周次： 编号： 日期： 班级： 姓名： 审核人：
Module 3 My First Ride on a Train(3)
Learning Contents(学习内容)：The –ed form and the past tense time expressions
Learning Aims（学习目标）：
1. Learn how to use the –ed form as attributives(定语).
2. Learn how to use the past tense time expressions to describe past events.
Important and difficult points(重点难点)：How to use the –ed form correctly.
【导读】Read the following sentences and answer the questions.
一．过去分词作定语
分词是动词的一种非限定形式，主要起形容词和副词的作用，有两种形式，一种是现在分词（v-ing）,一种是过去分词（v-ed）。现在分词一般有主动和进行的意思，过去分词一般有被动和完成的意思。分词在句子中可做表语、定语、状语和补足语。以下主要是过去分词作定语的几点用法。
1. 及物动词(vi)的过去分词单独用作定语，表被动。
如：steamed bread 馒头 oppressed nations 被压迫的民族
smoked fish 熏鱼 a broken window 损坏的窗户
注意：动词的过去分词作定语，表示被修饰的人（或者表情的词）所处的状态，意为“感到… …的”，这些动词的过去分词往往已成为一个形容词。原则上，-ed 形容词通常直接用于说明人，若修饰事物，则多为 air (神态), appearance (外貌), cry (哭声), face (表情), voice (声音), mood (情绪)等显示某人的情感状况的名词。
如：He had a pleased smile on his face. 他脸上露出了满意的微笑。
He told me the news in a very excited voice. 他声音很激动地告诉我这个消息。
excited children兴奋地孩子们 leaders 受人尊敬的领导们
puzzled look 满意的表情 expression
2. 不及物动词（vi）的过去分词没有被动意义，表示动作的完成。
an 一名逃犯 a manager 退休的经理 prisoner
a 一棵倒下的树 faded flowers 凋谢的花
【导练】Try to complete the sentences by using the correct forms.
1) In autumn, （fall）秋天，到处都可以看到落叶。leaves can be seen everywhere.
2) They looked up at the （rise） 他们仰望着已升起的太阳。 sun.
3. 过去分词可构成合成词作定语。
a simply-furnished room 陈设简单的房间 hand-made goods
广泛应用的语言 man-made satellite language
books 刚出版的书籍
4. 过去分词及其短语作定语时，相当于一个定语从句。
imported machines=machines that have been imported 进口机器
Suddenly there appeared a young girl dressed in white.= Suddenly there appeared a young girl who was dressed in white.
【导思】What do you think of the play put on by the students?
相当于
5. 一般来说，单个的过去分词作定语时常常放在被修饰词之前（前置），而过去分词短语作定语时则放在被修饰词之后（后置），过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语，前后常有逗号。
The car stolen last year was later found in the river.去年被盗的那辆汽车后来在河里找到了。
The novel, , is now published.
大约十五年前写的那部小说如今发表了。（此句中过去分词短语是非限制性后置定语）
二．Past Tense Time Expressions
【导读】1. 常用的表示过去的时间状语有:
recently, during the day, one night, a long time ago, until the 1920s, in 1925, for many years, just now, at that time, during his middle school years, then, last night/year/week /month, a week /month/ year ago , in the old days …
如: Mao Zedong was born in 1893.
2. 表示在确定的过去时间里发生的动作或存在的状态; 有些情况发生的时间不清楚，但实际上是过去发生的，此时也应该用过去的时态。
如： She didn’t look well when I last saw her.
Where did you go just now?
Recently I had my first ride on a long distance train.
I didn’t know you were so busy.
3.评判历史人物时，可用一般现在时，也可用一般过去时；用一般现在时侧重其贡献或成果及其在历史上的地位，用一般过去时则侧重于对其本人的介绍。
Charlie Chaplin is one of the greatest and funniest actors in the history of cinema.
查理卓别林是电影史上最伟大、最滑稽的演员之一。
Charlie Chaplin was a great actor, and he acted in many films.
查理卓别林是一位伟大的演员，他演了很多电影。
【导思】4. “ would + do” 结构表示过去经常反复发生的动作, 但would不能跟be连用。
“used to”表示过去存在的状态或经常做某事（现在不再做了）。
如： I would ask him for advice before. (T)or(F)
I would be a teacher. (T)or(F)
She used to play tennis a lot.
【导练】---Do you surf the Internet very often? 你经常上网吗？
---Not now, but 现在不了， 但过去经常上网。.
【课后小结】